This post shows you how to grow and care for a Hibiscus: light, temperature and water needs, fertilization, winter care, propagation and plant problems.
Hey there,
One of the most beloved Mediterranean plants is the Hibiscus, which can grow two to three meters high. The hibiscus is a striking plant not only in gardens but also on terraces, in cold houses, or hallways. Its large, simple, or double flowers and vibrant color range make it a popular ornamental plant for gardens and indoor spaces.
If provided with the right conditions, it can bloom all year round. Unfortunately, its large, funnel-shaped flowers only last for 1-2 days, but it compensates with an abundance of blooms throughout the year. This Mediterranean plant comes in different colors, from white and pink to yellow and burgundy.
The hibiscus or rose of Sharon belongs to the Malvaceae family within the dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida) and is one of the most diverse genera with about 1200 species. Many of these species are cultivated as ornamental plants around the world due to their striking flowers.
Originally native to Asia, this plant was brought to Europe by a French botanist, Jean Robin, who planted the first specimen in the Royal Botanical Garden in Paris. From there, it quickly spread across the continent. Most hibiscus species live in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions. Among them, there are annuals and perennials, woody and herbaceous plants, deciduous and evergreen species.
The Hibiscus as a Symbol
In its native country, China, the hibiscus symbolizes fame and wealth and is frequently referenced by poets in their works. Beautiful girls and women are often compared to the hibiscus, making it a symbol of femininity and beauty. If a lady receives a bouquet of hibiscus flowers, she can be sure that the giver admires her beauty and charm.
Notable Species of Hibiscus
Here are some well-known varieties of hibiscus:
- Chinese hibiscus, indoor hibiscus, or rose mallow (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
- Swamp hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos)
- Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
- Kenaf or fiber hibiscus (Hibiscus cannabinus)
- Scarlet hibiscus (Hibiscus coccineus)
- Variegated hibiscus (Hibiscus purpurea)
Requirements and Care
The hibiscus has very low maintenance needs. As long as it receives enough sunlight, it can thrive in almost any location. Its care is not challenging, making it an excellent choice for beginner gardeners. With just a little attention, this shrub will reward you with abundant blooms.
Light Requirements
The hibiscus loves bright, sunny locations and thrives in summer sunlight. It should be placed in a sunny or very bright spot from spring to fall, needing 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day. The best approach is to provide shade during the hottest midday hours while allowing direct sunlight in the morning and late afternoon.
If you keep it indoors, place it in a sunny window where it can receive several hours of direct sunlight. When moving an indoor hibiscus back outside, gradually acclimate it to the sunlight to prevent leaf burn.
Insufficient light will slow its growth and reduce blooming, while too much direct sunlight can cause it to drop its flowers and leaves.
Temperature Needs
The hibiscus is a heat-loving plant, thriving in temperatures between 15-32°C (59-90°F) during the summer. Although it tolerates heat well, prolonged exposure to extremely high temperatures without adequate water can stress the plant.
The Chinese hibiscus, or indoor hibiscus, is more sensitive to cold, requiring a minimum of 10°C (50°F). It will die if exposed to temperatures lower than this. In spring, it can be moved outdoors after the danger of frost has passed. During winter, keep it in a cool, bright location with temperatures around 10-12°C (50-54°F). Avoid overwintering it in a warm, heated room, as this can hinder or completely stop blooming.
Other varieties, such as the rose of Sharon and swamp hibiscus, are perennial and can remain outside in the garden during winter, as they can easily withstand light frosts.
Water Requirements
The soil of a hibiscus should always be kept moist, but not waterlogged. If you grow it in a pot, make sure to pour out any excess water from the saucer. In dry conditions, mist the plant to increase humidity. During winter, water less frequently.
In general, water it more often during hot weather. Check the soil by touching it; if the top 2-3 cm (about 1 inch) feels dry, it’s time to water the plant.
Planting and Repotting
Soil
The ideal soil for hibiscus is loose, light, and porous, allowing air and water to pass through easily while retaining some moisture. A good mix is two parts soil, two parts peat, and one part fine bark.
Repotting
Smaller plants can be repotted into larger pots annually. Use a mix of compost and general potting soil with good drainage.
Larger plants need repotting every 2-3 years, with just the top layer of soil being replaced in between. Always choose a pot that is only one size larger than the current one to encourage the plant to focus on sprouts and flowers rather than root growth.
For hibiscus species planted in the garden, find a final location, as they do not tolerate being moved and may die if transplanted.
Fertilization
Avoid experimenting with homemade solutions; excellent liquid and powder fertilizers are available commercially. Choose from these products for the best results.
Winter Care
Perennial Varieties
Once established, perennial hibiscus varieties can remain in the garden even in frosty regions. Ensure extra protection by covering the base with leaves, straw, or mulch.
Container and Non-Hardy Varieties
For hibiscus in pots or containers, move them to a frost-free place, as their roots are less protected than those planted in the ground. Non-hardy varieties, such as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, should be overwintered indoors at 15-21°C (59-70°F).
Even during winter, hibiscus needs sunlight, so choose a bright spot. Reduce watering since the plant enters a dormant state and its growth slows. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
To combat dry indoor air due to heating, increase humidity by placing the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water. Ensure the pot rests on the pebbles and not directly in the water.
Essential Care Tips
Fertilization and Pruning
From spring to fall, the hibiscus requires regular fertilization and both spring and fall pruning for optimal growth. The more you prune, the more flowers and sprouts you will get, as hibiscus blooms on new branches. During pruning, leave the first leaves on the outer side of the branch to encourage outward growth.
Propagation
By Seeds:
- Easier for garden hibiscus varieties as they are easily pollinated by insects.
- Collect seeds, store them in a dry place, and sow them in March.
- Plant 2-5 seeds per pot, and thin out the weaker seedlings after they sprout.
- Move them outdoors in the second year.
- This method is more challenging for indoor hibiscus varieties but follows the same general procedure.
By Cuttings:
- Use young, healthy, non-woody branches for cuttings.
- Remove the lower leaves and plant the cutting in moist peat.
- Using rooting hormone can increase success rates.
- Cover the planted cuttings, place them in a semi-shaded area, and keep the peat moist.
Winter Care Recap
- Perennial varieties: Protect with mulch, straw, or leaves.
- Container and non-hardy varieties: Move to frost-free areas, maintain bright light, reduce watering, and increase humidity.
By following these detailed care instructions, your hibiscus will thrive and reward you with beautiful blooms year-round.
Diseases and Pests
If there’s any deficiency or problem with the shrub, it will clearly show symptoms.
Pests
Aphids: Hibiscus is prone to aphids, so preventive spraying in spring and fall can help eliminate them before they hatch. Placing garlic in pots can also deter pests if you prefer non-chemical methods.
Symptoms and Remedies
Yellow Leaves: Can indicate either too little or too much watering or sudden temperature changes.
Wilting Leaves: If leaves wilt and drop, prune the plant back slightly to encourage new growth. This could be due to too much sunlight or watering.
Bud Drop: If buds drop before flowering, the plant may have been stressed by temperature fluctuations, insufficient light, improper watering, or drafts.
Root Rot: Overwatering can lead to root rot.
Fungal Diseases: Poor ventilation and high humidity can lead to powdery mildew and rust on leaves.
By promptly identifying and addressing these issues, you can maintain the health and vitality of your hibiscus plants.
Hibiscus Tea: Beauty with Benefits
Not only beautiful but also healthy, hibiscus is often used to make tea from its flower petals, which offers numerous health benefits. Its components act as antioxidants, cleansing the body and reducing the risk of heart disease, cancer, and the effects of aging.
Conclusion
Hibiscus, a beloved Mediterranean plant, needs little care and thrives in various environments. Its stunning flowers and health benefits – especially when brewed into tea- make it popular. It’s a cherished addition to gardens and wellness routines alike.
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Very interesting!